طراحی مدل توسعه‌یافته موجودی در زنجیره‌تأمین با نگرش برنامه‌ریزی احتیاجات مواد و انتخاب تأمین‌کننده

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مدیریت صنعتی، واحد قزوین، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قزوین، ایران.

2 استادیار گروه مدیریت صنعتی، واحد قزوین، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قزوین، ایران

چکیده

برنامه­ریزی احتیاجات مواد، روش اولویت برنامه­ریزی است که محاسبه مواد موردنیاز برای پاسخ‌گویی به تقاضا در تمام محصولات و قطعات را در یک یا چند بخش کارخانه انجام می­دهد. همچنین به‌سبب این‌که انتخاب تأمین­کننده مناسب برای سازمان، صرفه­جویی­های معناداری بهبار می­آورد، مهم‌ترین فعالیت عمل خرید، انتخاب تأمین­کننده مناسب است. هدف از این پژوهش، طراحی یک مدل موجودی توسعه­یافته جهت شناسایی و انتخاب تأمین­کنندگان و همچنین برنامه­ریزی احتیاجات مواد در زنجیره‌تأمین است. بدین منظور یک سیستم موجودی شامل پارامترهای اصلی سطح موجودی اولیه، نرخ کمبود و تصمیم‌گیری در حالت کمبود عرضه طراحی گردید. سپس مدل توزیع برای ارتباط مابین موجودی‌های واحدهای زنجیره‌تأمین و توزیع‌کنندگان طراحی شد و پس از مد‌ل‌سازی تقاضا برای هر واحد زنجیره‌تأمین، مدل موجودی جهت برنامه­ریزی احتیاجات مواد و انتخاب تأمین­کنندگان براساس شبیه­سازی پویا برای زنجیره‌تأمین انجام شد. آنگاه برنامه­ریزی احتیاجات مواد براساس تغییرات تقاضا و تغییرات ظرفیت تولید و تغییرات موجودی حساسیت­سنجی شد و درنهایت تأمین­کنندگان انتخاب شدند. نتایج نشان داد که با افزایش تقاضا، هزینه مواد اولیه جدید نیز افزایش می­یابد. همچنین در 80 درصد ظرفیت تولید پایه، برنامه­ریزی احتیاجات مواد غیرقابل اجرا است و قادر به تأمین تقاضای پایه نیست. کاهش ظرفیت منجربه هزینه­های بالای موجودی می‌شود. با 110 و 120 درصد ظرفیت پایه، کاهش در هزینه­های تولید دیده شد. همچنین با موجودی اولیه بالا، کاهش در کل هزینه­ها مشاهده شد و در 120 درصد موجودی اولیه پایه، اگرچه هزینه­های موجودی افزایش یافت، هزینه مواد اولیه جدید به‌طور قابل توجهی کاهش یافت. همچنین حساسیت برای انتخاب تأمین‌کننده نسبت‌به پارامتر هزینه ثابت سفارش­دهی از تأمین­کننده از سایر پارامترهای هزینه­ای کمتر است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Designing an Extended Inventory Model in the Supply Chain with Material Requirements Planning and Supplier Selection

نویسندگان [English]

  • Raheleh Abbasi Bastami 1
  • Reza Ehtesham Rasi 2
  • Sadegh Abedi 2
1 PHD student, Department of Industrial Management, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Industrial Management, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran
چکیده [English]

Material Requirements Planning (MRP) is a priority planning method that calculates the materials needed to meet the demand for all products and parts in one or more parts of the factory. Because choosing the right supplier for the organization brings significant savings, the most important activity of the buying operation is choosing the right supplier. The aim of this study is to design an extended inventory model to identify and Supplier Selection and Material Requirements Planning in the supply chain. For this purpose, an inventory system including the main parameters of initial inventory level, defect rate and decision when supply shortage was designed. Then the distribution model was designed for the relationship between the inventories of supply chain units and distributors. After modeling the demand for each supply chain unit, the inventory model was performed to Material Requirements Planning and Supplier Selection based on dynamic simulation for the supply chain. Material Requirements Planning was then sensitized based on changes in demand and changes in production capacity and changes in inventory and finally suppliers were selected. The results showed that with increasing demand, the cost of new raw materials also increases. Also, at 80% of the base production capacity, the Material Requirements Planning is unworkable and is not able to meet the basic demand. Reduced capacity leads to high inventory costs. With 110 and 120% of base capacity, there was a reduction in production costs. Also, with high initial inventory, a decrease in total costs was observed, and in 120% of the basic initial inventory, although inventory costs increased, the cost of new raw materials decreased significantly. Also, the sensitivity for selecting a supplier to the fixed cost parameter of ordering from the supplier is less than other cost parameters

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Supply Chain
  • Material Requirements Planning
  • Supplier Selection
  • Inventory System

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نشریه پژوهش های مهندسی صنایع در سیستم های تولید
دوره 9، شماره 19
اسفند 1400
صفحه 71-93

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